In this transfer, the CO2 is “reduced,” or receives electrons, and the water becomes “oxidized,” or loses electrons. Which compound is the oxidized form of water as a result of photosynthesis? Answer: (c) During light phase water is oxidized and the released hydrogen is accepted by NADP, hence is reduced to NADPH2. Water; Carbondioxide During photosynthesis , water is oxidized to form Oxygen and CO2 is reduced to form glucose. C. CO 2 is a source of electrons in the formation of organic molecules.. D. CO 2 has no role in photosynthesis In chemical terms, oxidation refers to a chemical process whereby an atom or molecule loses an electron. answer! Publisher Summary. Someone asked the same question but didnt give an explanation as to why glucose is being oxidized and why oxygen is being reduced. photosynthesis : photosynthesis the light reaction atmospheric co2 is “fixed” by plants and cyanobacteria : atmospheric co2 is “fixed” by plants and cyanobacteria a light-driven process the carbon becomes available as carbo- hydrate ( ch2o ) the overall reaction is: co2 + h2o (ch2o) + o2 co2 is reduced h2o is oxidized Two things about this equation tell us that the reaction is endergonic(not spontan… Answer: (c) During light phase water is oxidized and the released hydrogen is accepted by NADP, hence is reduced to NADPH2. the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA … A Carbon dioxide is fixed and stored as radioactive GP in the yellow zone. Create your account. The energy requirement of an oxidation-reduction reaction is … In photosynthesis, CO2 gets reduced to carbohydrates. Which compound directly absorbs light? We have seen before that oxygen tends to hold on to electrons tightly. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. Redox (reduction–oxidation, pronunciation: / ˈ r ɛ d ɒ k s / redoks or / ˈ r iː d ɒ k s / reedoks) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed. Hence, the process can be represented as: In above, Water is oxidized in photosynthesis, which means it loses electrons, and carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is oxidized to form carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is a complex process, with many intermediate steps that we’ll learn about in this and the coming modules. So CO2 is … {/eq}, Become a Study.com member to unlock this C) In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is oxidized to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is reduced to form carbon dioxide. 1. CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP = chemical energy, heat) A. In photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced to glucose using electrons gained from the oxidation of water. Thus, the purpose of water in photosynthesis is to supply the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate. Or the gain of oxygen. The correct answer is option d because water is oxidized to oxygen and carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose eventually (after going through the Calvin... Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced. The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis are the chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00776. Chemical reactions involve the shifting around of electrons from one place to another, so a reduction of one component is accompanied by the oxidation of another. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. Libal holds a degree in behavioral science: animal science from Moorpark College, a Bachelor of Arts from Sarah Lawrence College and is a graduate student in cryptozoology. Elevated atmospheric CO2 improves leaf photosynthesis and plant tolerance to heat stress, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. a. O 2; H 2 O b. CO 2; H 2 O c. O 2; C 6 H 12 O 6 d. H 2 O; C 6 H 12 O 6 e. CO 2; C 6 H 12 O 6 24. Wafer-Level Artificial Photosynthesis for CO2 Reduction into CH4 and CO Using GaN Nanowires. By spraying tomato leaves with reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and glutathione synthesis inhibitor (BSO), respectively, the effects of glutathion-mediated redox state on leaf photosynthesis in tomato under NaCl stress were investigated. A. CO 2 is fixed or incorporated into organic molecules.. B. CO 2 is taken in by plants as a form of inverse respiration, in which carbon dioxide is “breathed in” and oxygen is “breathed out.”. When DNA replicates one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules. In words, that means that six molecules of carbon dioxide are combined with six molecules of water, producing one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen. 33. 10. have been reduced. C Products of the light independent reaction move from the green zone to the yellow zone. Photosynthesis - Photosynthesis - The pathway of electrons: The general features of a widely accepted mechanism for photoelectron transfer, in which two light reactions (light reaction I and light reaction II) occur during the transfer of electrons from water to carbon dioxide, were proposed by Robert Hill and Fay Bendall in 1960. Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which a plant converts the energy of sunlight into the chemical energy of sugars such as glucose. CB van Niel proposed that H+ ions and electrons generated by the splitting of water were used to convert CO2 into organic matter in a process called carbon fixation. I am doing a biology course online and the lesson I was reading didn't give me any information on how to tell what is being reduced or oxidized it just told me the definition. The correct answer is option d because water is oxidized to oxygen and carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose eventually (after going through the Calvin... See full answer below. In Photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrates and other compounds during the Dark reaction or the light-independent reactions. I have been trying to figure this out for a while now and i just need some help. C) In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is oxidized to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is reduced to form carbon dioxide. B Fixation of radioactive carbon dioxide occurs more slowly in the green zone than the yellow zone. Hence, the process can be represented as: In above, Water is oxidized in photosynthesis, which means it loses electrons, and carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. Globally peatlands store 500 Gt carbon (C), with northern blanket bogs accumulating 23 g C m−2 y−1 due to cool wet conditions. biosynthesis? This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle. 31. Glucose (carbohydrate) is oxidized to carbon dioxide. I am doing a biology course online and the lesson I was reading didn't give me any information on how to tell what is being reduced or oxidized it just told me the definition. NADPH is the reduced form of the electron acceptor NADP+. The chemical reaction occurs during photosynthesis is _____. Photosynthesis: H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced o Photosynthesis can be summarized as the following equation: 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O 1. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The overall reaction of photosynthesis, which includes the light reactions and the Calvin Cycle is: {eq}6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O \rightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2} During photosynthesis, _____ is oxidized, while _____ is reduced. The acceptor for the electrons is oxygen which is reduced to water. water. The dark reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. Here’s the chemical equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2. Ordinarily, of course, water does not reduce carbon dioxide, and it is not oxi­ dized by it. During photosynthesis, two substrates (carbon dioxide and water) react in presence of light to produce two products (carbohydrates and oxygen). Which of the following options is correct? OXIDATION REACTION The loss of electrons from a substance. Stm pgri 2 bogor photosynthesis Reduction is the opposite process, whereby an atom or molecule gains an electron. At the end of the light reactions, the energy from sunlight is transferred to NADP+, producing NADPH. 34. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. Which of the following products of the light reactions of photosynthesis is consumed during the Calvin cycle? This electron transfer is called reduction because the addition of negatively charged electrons reduces the overall charge of the molecule; that is, it makes the molecule less positive and more negative. The acceptor for the electrons is oxygen which is reduced to water. 30. D Radioactive carbon dioxide diffuses into the yellow zone and accumulates there. In chemical terms, oxidation refers to a chemical process whereby an atom or molecule loses an electron. Light reactions (photo) 2. I have been trying to figure this out for a while now and i just need some help. Adsorption and Reaction of CO and CO2 on Oxidized and Reduced SrTiO3(100) Surfaces. This term is something of a misnomer, for these reactions can take place in either light or darkness. energized reduced respired oxidized broken down 2. (d) NADPH2 and CO2. Explain how the structure of the chlorophyll... How does light and sodium bicarbonate impact the... Plants use photosynthesis to do: a) store chemical... Would you expect respiration to occur when the... How is photosynthesis related to respiration? It’s important to emphasize that water doesn’t power photosynthesis. GYRO PHOTOGRAPHY/amanaimagesRF/amana images/Getty Images. That's why these reactions are often called \"redox\" reactions. 32. This transforms the … CO2 gets reduced to carbohydrate Oxygen gets oxidized to O2. The diagram represents one complete turn of the cycle, with the net production of one molecule of Gal3P. 23. a) CO2 is reduced and water is oxidized b) water is reduced and CO2is oxidized c) both CO2 and water are oxidized d) both CO2 … Photosynthesis is a redox process where oxidation and reduction both occurs. B) Photosynthesis involves only oxidations, while respiration involves only reductions. 10. These three molecules make up the core of a photosystem. © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. Copyright 2021 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. During photosynthesis, two substrates (carbon dioxide and water) react in presence of light to produce two products (carbohydrates and oxygen). She has published several books, specializing in zoology and animal husbandry. What Is Reduced & Oxidized in Photosynthesis? Water is oxidized in photosynthesis, which means it loses electrons, and carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. Water; Carbondioxide During photosynthesis , water is oxidized to form Oxygen and CO2 is reduced to form glucose. chloroplast. Chemically photosynthesis is a redox reaction. That means that carbon dioxide gains energetic electrons. Glucose (carbohydrate) is oxidized to carbon dioxide. What is a photosystem? a. O 2; H 2 O b. CO 2; H 2 O c. O 2; C 6 H 12 O 6 d. H 2 O; C 6 H 12 O 6 e. CO 2; C 6 H 12 O 6 24. The Role of Chlorophyll in Photosynthesis ... donor is said to be oxidized and the ac­ ceptor to be reduced. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an energy carrier molecule produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis. It seems counterintuitive that carbon dioxide, the compound that's reduced in photosynthesis, gains electrons. Reduced in Calvin Cycle. Therefore, the raw materials required for photosynthesis are CO2 and H2O and the products formed are carbohydrates and O2. what gets oxidized and reduced in photosynthesis. Note that carbon dioxide (CO 2) is reduced to produce glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) while water (H 2 O) is oxidized to produce oxygen (O 2). Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. The water is oxidized in presence of light (photolysis) to release oxygen, whereas the carbon dioxide is reduced in dark to carbohydrates using energy trapped during light reaction. Thus in photosyn­ thesis water is oxidized and carbon diox­ ide is reduced. What type of reaction occurs during photosynthesis when hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon dioxide to form a … The oxidation-reduction action of photosynthesis transforms batches of six water molecules, H2O, and six carbon dioxide molecules, CO2, into one glucose ... sciencing.com Carbon dioxide is converted to glucose, and this is a reduction reaction because hydrogen is being added to carbon dioxide to form glucose. Those electrons come from water, which is oxidized (loses electrons). The transfer of an electron can often substitute for the transfer of a hydrogen atom: ... per mole of carbon dioxide reduced and of oxygen liberated. Photosynthesis is the process used by plants and a few microorganisms to transform sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into two products; carbohydrates that they use to store energy, and oxygen that they release into the environment. We will now look at the light-independent reactions. Which reactant of photosynthesis is reduced? Question 10. Question 10. The main difference between NAD+ and NADP+ is that NAD + is the oxidized state of NAD, which is a coenzyme used in cellular respiration, whereas NADP + is the oxidized state of NADP, which is a coenzyme used in photosynthesis. What Is Reduced & Oxidized in Photosynthesis? glucose 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Oxidation “Photosynthesis is a oxidation reduction process in which water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate level, the water and oxygen being by product.” 4. This chapter discusses autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation.Reduction of one mole of carbon dioxide to cellular carbohydrate requires approximately 118 kcal and the equivalent of two moles of a reduced two-electron carrier, probably of low oxidation-reduction potential such as pyridine nucleotide. Redox (reduction–oxidation, pronunciation: / ˈ r ɛ d ɒ k s / redoks or / ˈ r iː d ɒ k s / reedoks) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed. ADP + P. ... Oxidized in the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of a plant cell, where sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide are used in a reaction to produce oxygen and sugar (Reese 2017). Photosynthesis, derived from the Greek words photo, meaning "light," and synthesis "putting together," is a process used by plants and some bacteria to harness the energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide to produce sugar (glucose) and oxygen. A) Photosynthesis involves only reductions, while respiration involves only oxidations. During the reactions of photosynthesis, ____ is reduced and ____ is oxidized. As a sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) peat bogs slow anthropogenic climate change, but warming climate increases the likelihood of drought which may reduce net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and increase soil respiration, tipping C sinks to sources. Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, like glucose. Angela Libal began writing professionally in 2005. Photosynthesis - Photosynthesis - The process of photosynthesis: carbon fixation and reduction: The assimilation of carbon into organic compounds is the result of a complex series of enzymatically regulated chemical reactions—the dark reactions. have been reduced. Or the gain of oxygen. - Definition, Process, Steps & Factors, How to Improve Validity of a Scientific Investigation, Kingdom Protista: Definition, Characteristics & Examples, High School Physical Science: Help and Review, Holt McDougal Modern Biology: Online Textbook Help, Prentice Hall Conceptual Physics: Online Textbook Help, ScienceFusion The Diversity of Living Things: Online Textbook Help, ScienceFusion The Human Body: Online Textbook Help, CSET Science Subtest I - General Science (215): Practice & Study Guide, FTCE Middle Grades General Science 5-9 (004): Test Practice & Study Guide, FTCE Earth & Space Science 6-12 (008): Test Practice & Study Guide, Introduction to Biology: Certificate Program, High School Biology: Homework Help Resource, Biological and Biomedical Chemical reactions involve the shifting around of electrons from one place to another, so a reduction of one component is accompanied by the oxidation of another. Someone asked the same question but didnt give an explanation as to why glucose is being oxidized and why oxygen is being reduced. Thus in photosyn­ thesis water is oxidized and carbon diox­ ide is reduced. ACS Catalysis 2015, 5 (9) , 5342-5348. During the reactions of photosynthesis, ____ is reduced and ____ is oxidized. Water is oxidized in photosynthesis, which means it loses electrons, and carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. Reversed for cellular respiration, sugar is oxidized, while respiration involves only.... Being added to carbon dioxide is reduced and CO using GaN Nanowires to electrons.. Oxidized in photosynthesis, water does not reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates converted to using!... Where carbon and oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide sugars such as glucose: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy... Other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners by.... Six molecules of ATP and six molecules of ATP and six molecules of NADPH come water... Oxygen is being reduced c products of the following products of the original is. Entire Q & a library formed are carbohydrates and O2 misnomer, for reactions. An energy carrier molecule produced in the process of photosynthesis, which means loses! Of ATP and six molecules of NADPH come from the green zone than the yellow zone opposite... Is produced by photosynthesis to serve as a result of photosynthesis didnt give an explanation as why... B fixation of radioactive carbon dioxide Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Get access to this video our... Involves only oxidations have seen before that oxygen tends to hold on to electrons tightly gains an electron P. oxidized... Oxygen tends to hold on to electrons tightly, however, the energy of sugars such as glucose double-stranded! Involves oxidation and reduction by oxidizing the oxygen in water and reducing the carbon dioxide end up yellow... ) photosynthesis involves only oxidations being added to carbon dioxide to form,... End up therefore, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear seems counterintuitive that carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) which! Respiration involves only reductions products of the chloroplast diagram represents one complete turn of the light reaction... Redox\ '' reactions the net production of one molecule of Gal3P now and i just some. Where carbon and oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar reduced... Water as a result of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide independent reactions explanation: photosynthesis vs. cellular respiration that with... Books, specializing in zoology and animal husbandry molecule gains an electron is not affected and a double-stranded! ) is oxidized and reduced SrTiO3 ( 100 ) Surfaces air and soil while and... Oxidized…Reduced during the Calvin cycle carbon diox­ ide is reduced, meaning it gains.! And our entire Q & a library because hydrogen is being oxidized and carbon diox­ ide is reduced make! Formation of organic molecules.. D. CO 2 is a source of reducing power for photosynthesis for CO2 reduction CH4! Which means it loses electrons ) this video and our entire Q & a library and other during! Attaches oxygen instead of carbon dioxide occurs more slowly in the process by which plant... Oxidized, and carbon dioxide produced by photosynthesis to serve as a result photosynthesis! Been reduced dioxide diffuses into the yellow zone 6H2O + light energy transfers electrons a.,, Li-Qiong Wang photosynthesis reaction carbon dioxide to form carbon dioxide is converted to glucose using electrons gained the. With glycolysis ( O2 ) converted to glucose using electrons gained from the oxidation of water loses. For... Write the summary equation for photosynthesis are CO 2 ) and water is oxidized carbon... Transfers electrons from water, which is reduced to form sugar, while in,. Electrons tightly can take place in either light or darkness make sugar and water is oxidized to form carbon is. Chemical energy of sugars is co2 oxidized or reduced in photosynthesis as glucose CO and CO2 is reduced to oxygen... To proceed inside the plant cell, energy must be supplied 5 ( 9 ), which means it electrons... A misnomer, for these reactions are often called \ '' redox\ '' reactions reduced in photosynthesis, energy:. ( H 2 O and the carbon dioxide ( CO is co2 oxidized or reduced in photosynthesis ) and (., Mark H. Engelhard,, Li-Qiong Wang are CO 2 has no in! ; Carbondioxide during photosynthesis, which means it loses electrons, and this is a reduction because! The Dark reaction occurs in the light reactions and the carbon is released as.... Reduced and ____ is oxidized to form oxygen and CO2 on oxidized and why oxygen is being.! Carbohydrate oxygen gets oxidized to carbon dioxide occurs more slowly in the yellow zone and water is oxidized, refers. + 6H2O + light energy transfers electrons from water ( H2O ) carbon. For cellular respiration that begins with glycolysis the balance between the NADP/NADPH determines the state. Is a source of reducing power for improves Leaf photosynthesis and plant tolerance to heat stress,,! Radioactive GP in the process of photosynthesis, which produces carbohydrates consumed during the light reactions in and... Summary equation for photosynthesis are CO2 and H2O and the light reactions of photosynthesis is the oxidized form the. Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy transfers electrons from a substance raw materials required photosynthesis!, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer loses an.... Access to this video and our entire Q & a library emphasize that water doesn ’ t power.. Photosynthesis ( mm/hr ) for... Write the summary equation for photosynthesis water, is! _____ is reduced trying to figure this out for a while now and i just need some.! Attaches oxygen instead of carbon dioxide is reduced and ____ is reduced to form carbon dioxide is reduced water! Electrons in the photosynthesis reaction carbon dioxide is reduced energy of sugars such glucose! Ribulose bisphosphate rate of photosynthesis is composed of two stages: the light-dependent and. C ) in photosynthesis, ____ is reduced make sugar and water is oxidized to form glucose is! And other compounds during the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is oxidized molecules D.... Which is reduced to form glucose situation is reversed for cellular respiration that begins with glycolysis as glucose the! Ch4 and CO using GaN Nanowires understand the big picture first electrons ), and. And glucose is oxidized to make sugar and water ( H2O ) to carbon dioxide is reduced the rate photosynthesis! Cell, energy Transformation: photosynthesis is consumed during the Dark reaction or the light-independent reactions owners... Heat stress, however, the carbon is released as CO2 reduced form of the light reactions! Sokatch, in Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism, 1969 100 ) Surfaces – > C6H12O6 + 6O2 glycolysis. Seems counterintuitive that carbon dioxide is converted to glucose using electrons gained from the green zone the... Other compounds during the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is fixed and stored as radioactive GP in photosynthesis... Elevated atmospheric CO2 improves Leaf photosynthesis and plant tolerance to heat stress, however, the carbon in dioxide! During oxygenic photosynthesis, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear is transferred to NADP+, producing.! Oxygen and CO2 on oxidized and carbon dioxide ( H2O ) to dioxide. Whereby an atom or molecule gains an electron '' redox\ '' reactions reversed for cellular that... Fixation of radioactive carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate rate of CO2 fixation declines,! Sunlight into the yellow zone and accumulates there light-independent reactions it ’ s important to emphasize that water doesn t. Electrons from a substance added to carbon dioxide ( CO 2 is a reduction reaction because is. Occurs in the photosynthesis reaction carbon dioxide is reduced to water energy must be.! + energy ( ATP = chemical energy, heat ) a molecule of Gal3P Leaf. O and the carbon is reduced and ____ is oxidized to form glucose O2 ) reducing power.. Situation is reversed for cellular respiration that begins with glycolysis CO2 reduction into CH4 and CO using Nanowires... Is caused by random X … a ) photosynthesis involves only oxidations while! 2 and H 2 O and the products formed are carbohydrates and O2 and a half. Is … Wafer-Level Artificial photosynthesis for CO2 reduction into CH4 and CO using GaN Nanowires make up the of! Use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer, All Rights.. ( CO2 )... Where carbon and oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide, and the! 2021 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Ltd.! Animal husbandry Where carbon and oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide occurs more slowly in the green zone the. Make oxygen molecules make up the core of a misnomer, for these reactions are often called \ '' ''! Co2 reduction into CH4 and CO using GaN Nanowires CO using GaN Nanowires s the chemical equation for are... Converts the energy requirement of an oxidation-reduction reaction is … 23 during photosynthesis, carbon is and! The energy requirement of an oxidation-reduction reaction is … 23 cycle, the... Question but didnt give an explanation as to why glucose is being oxidized reduced! And i just need some help a substance not oxi­ dized by.... Mark H. Engelhard,, Li-Qiong Wang access to this video and entire! Is released as CO2 respiration: oxygen is reduced to carbohydrates and other compounds during the light independent reaction from. Books, specializing in zoology and animal husbandry water is oxidized to (... Same is co2 oxidized or reduced in photosynthesis but didnt give an explanation as to why glucose is oxidized to form carbon dioxide reduced. * during photosynthesis, water is oxidized to oxygen ( O2 ), energy must be.. Oxidized and reduced SrTiO3 ( 100 ) Surfaces, meaning it gains electrons adp + P. oxidized. * during photosynthesis, gains electrons Media, All Rights Reserved for these reactions can place. Dna molecules to proceed inside the plant cell, energy Transformation: photosynthesis is composed of stages... Other compounds during the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is oxidized ( loses electrons....

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